![]() ![]() The dark coloration at right is previous colon tattooing for localization. Gross pathology of a longitudinally opened colon (inside/mucosa at top and outside/serosa at bottom), showing diverticulitis with two diverticular abscesses (white arrows). Costs associated with diverticular disease were around US $2.4 billion a year in the United States in 2013. It is the most frequent anatomic disease of the colon. In 2003 in Europe, it resulted in approximately 13,000 deaths. It has also become more common in all parts of the world. The disease becomes more frequent with age, ranging from 5% for those under 40 years of age to 50% over the age of 60. In North America and Europe the abdominal pain is usually on the left lower side ( sigmoid colon), while in Asia it is usually on the right ( ascending colon). In the Western world about 35% of people have diverticulosis while it affects less than 1% of those in rural Africa, and 4 to 15% of those may go on to develop diverticulitis. The disease is common in the Western world and uncommon in Africa and Asia. Complications such as abscess formation, fistula formation, and perforation of the colon may require surgery. For severe cases, intravenous antibiotics, hospital admission, and complete bowel rest may be recommended. For mild diverticulitis, antibiotics by mouth and a liquid diet are recommended. Avoiding nuts and seeds as a preventive measure is no longer recommended since there is no evidence these play a role in initiating inflammation in diverticula. ![]() Mesalazine and rifaximin appear useful for preventing attacks in those with diverticulosis. Preventive measures include altering risk factors such as obesity, inactivity, and smoking. The differential diagnoses include irritable bowel syndrome. ![]() Diagnosis is typically by CT scan, though blood tests, colonoscopy, or a lower gastrointestinal series may also be supportive. Inflammation occurs in between 10% and 25% at some point in time, and is due to a bacterial infection. Having pouches in the large intestine that are not inflamed is known as diverticulosis. The role of a low fiber diet as a risk factor is unclear. Risk factors may include obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, a family history of the disease, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ![]() The causes of diverticulitis are unclear. Fever or blood in the stool suggests a complication. There may also be nausea and diarrhea or constipation. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. Obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, family history, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs īlood tests, CT scan, colonoscopy, lower gastrointestinal series Īntibiotics, liquid diet, hospital admission ĭiverticulitis, specifically colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches- diverticula-which can develop in the wall of the large intestine. The diverticula appear on either side of the longitudinal muscle bundle (taenium) which runs horizontally across the specimen in an arc.Ībdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, blood in the stool Section of the large bowel (sigmoid colon) showing multiple pouches ( diverticula). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |